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Common causes of chronic liver disease in the United States are:
- Hepatitis B or C infection
- Alcohol abuse
Less common causes include hepatitis B infection, inherited liver diseases, such as haemochromatosis, and a condition called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Early symptoms include:
- Fatigue and loss of energy
- Poor appetite and weight loss
- Nausea or belly pain
- Small, red spider-like blood vessels on the skin
In the later stages, symptoms can include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes), vomiting blood, dark, tarry-looking stools and a build-up of fluid in the legs and abdomen (oedema).
Sample - Care Plan of Cirrhosis of the Liver
1. Acute Pain : abdominal - upper right quadrant related to the inflammatory process, marked by:
Subjective data:
- Patient says: stomach pain on the top and feel bloated.
Objective data:
- Patients seem to hold the upper abdomen on the right.
- Patients grimace, if feel sick.
- Tense facial expression.
Long-term goals:
- Expected to decrease pain
Short-term goals: expected
- Grimace reduced
- Calm face expression
- General condition improved: Respiration: 20 x / min, Temperature: 36 ° C, pulse: 80 x / min, blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
Intervention:
- Observation of vital signs.
- Adjust the position as comfortable as possible.
- Teach the patient relaxation techniques breathing deeply.
- Collaboration with the medical team in the delivery of therapy.
Rational:
- By observing vital signs, expected: to know the progress of the patient.
- By adjusting the position as comfortable as possible, expected: patient comfort are met.
- By encouraging deep breathing relaxation techniques patients, are expected: reduce perceived pain patients.
- Collaborate with medical team in the provision of therapy, expected: the client gets the right patients receive therapy.
Implementation
- Blood pressure: 130/80 mm Hg, pulse: 82 x / min, respiration: 24 x / min, temperature: 37 ° C
- Set position as comfortable as possible with the semi-Fowler position.
- Teach the patient deep breathing relaxation techniques
- Carry out in collaboration with the medical team, the analgesic drug delivery.
Evaluation:
S: Patients report pain in the upper abdomen, right hand still hurt.
O: Patients still grimacing, epresi face still tense, the general state: still weak, respiration: 24x/menit, temperature: 37 ° C, pulse: 82 x / minute, blood pressure: 130/80mmhg.
A: The problem is not resolved
P: Continue intervention
2. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia, characterized by:
Subjective data:
- Patients say nausea and want to vomit
Objective data:
- Portions are spent, half of the portion of food.
- The patient looked weak.
- Weak general condition.
Long-term goals :
- Patient's nutritional needs are met
Short-term goals.
- Patients already spent portions available.
- General condition improved.
- Give small portions but frequently.
- Serve food in warm and attractive.
- Collaboration with a team of nutrition, the diet delivery.
- Expected nutrient clients are met.
- Expected to reduce the patient's nausea and increase appetite.
- Patients are expected to receive a diet that fits the patient's illness.
- Give small portions but often
- Serving food in warm and appealing
- Carry out in collaboration with a team of nutrition, the provision of a diet low in salt and high in calories and high in protein.
S: Patients say they feel nausea and vomiting
O: The general state is weak, limp body of the patient, not eating out
A: The problem is not resolved
P: Continue intervention
