Etiology or cause of abnormalities of cerebral palsy seen based development starting from Prenatal, infection occurs in the womb, causing abnormalities in the fetus, for example by Lues, Toksosplasmosis, rubella and cytomegalic Inclusion Disease. Striking abnormalities and mental retardation usually movement. Anoxia dalarn content, exposed to X-rays, pregnancy poisoning can also cause cerebal palsy.
Perinatal, anoxia / hypoxia causes of which are found in perinatal is Brain Injury. Brain Injury that causes the occurrence of anoxia. It is located on the state of the location of abnormal babies, cephalopelvic disproportion, prolonged labor, placenta previa, placental infection, parturition using special tools and born cesarean section.
Brain hemorrhage, hemorrhage and anoxia may occur together and therefore difficult to distinguish such as bleeding that surrounds the brain stem respiratory center and interfere with the blood circulation going anoxia. Bleeding can occur in the subarachnoid space, causing blockage of liquor causing hydrocephalus serebro spinal bleeding in the subdural space can suppress the cerebral cortex, timbulah spastic paralysis. Muscle tone has changed, infants in this group in the first month of age appear flaccid and lay like a frog on her back so it looks like the lower motor neuron disorders. Chorio atetosis, typical abnormalities are abnormal attitude to the movement that occurs by itself (involuntery movement). Ataxia, coordination is impaired infants, in this class are usually flaccid and showed delayed motor development. Visible loss of balance when starting to learn sitting. Mixed form, this class is a mixture between the four previous groups, the largest mix between spatisitas and chorio atetosis and when this process extends additional symptoms that may occur ataxia.
Not motor abnormalities that accompany the above symptoms and complicate cerebral palsy are:
- Mental developmental disorder, present in nearly 50% of all people with cerebral palsy or a third of the children groups spasticity and muscle tone changes. Assess mental development should be careful because in children with motor retardation, movement is limited, so the motor disturbances have to be trained first before assessing the development of intelligence. Mental disorders can be a lack of concentration, lack of attention, anxiety, and erratic behavior.
- Seizures, especially seizures contained in the group of patients tetraplagia / tetraparesis and hemiparesis. In this case the electroencephalogram (EEG) should be performed and treatment with anticonvulsant begin. Therefore even in patients with hemiparesis group not having a seizure, but the EEG showed proksimalitas picture, it is recommended to give anticonvulsant / anti-seizure medications.
- Growth retardation, because the muscles are not used then was disrupted bone growth is the real big difference right arm and left leg in group hemiparesis, and it is important to prevent the occurrence of scoliosis due to differences in limb length.
- Interference feeling, hard feelings if there is disruption to train motor functions. It is contained in the class feeling hemiparesis to examine interference should be done in the area of the arm and hand, it is usually difficult to express the feelings of disorder but the easiest form of two point diserimination steregnosis.
- Hearing loss, found in children with cerebral palsy, a disorder neurogen abnormalities, especially the perception of high tones, making it difficult to catch the words contained in the class ekoruoatetosis.
- Speech disorders, speech disorders caused by hearing loss or mental retardation. Movement happens by itself dibibir and tongue makes it difficult to control the muscles, so that the child is difficult to form the words and often salivating.
- Eye disorders, are convergent strabismus and refractive errors in a state of severe asphyxia can occur cataracts. Nearly 25% of patients suffering from eye disorders serebal palsy.
Differential diagnosis
- Degenerative process
- subdural hematoma
- Artery / vein rupture
- Damage to bone structure
- Intracranial tumors
Special examination in cerebral palsy
- Eye exams and hearing immediately after the diagnosis of cerebral palsy is made.
- Lumbar puncture should be performed to rule out a degenerative process in the normal cerebrospinal liquor cerebral palsy.
- EEG examination performed in patients with spastic hemiparesis or in group, which is working well or not.
- Photos chief
- Psychological assessment needs to be done to the level of education needed. · Examination to rule out other causes of metabolic rather than mental retardation.
